Realism

Realism

 

Realism is the movement that was dated in
France between 1850 and 1880, and the authors of this movement want to tell us about the world around them. But it is important to know that Realism could play with fiction, but realism opposes idealism. Gustave Flaubert in Sentimental Education shows
France to the readers at this period of time and also, he describe in his book, how French society was like at that time.

Realism is the faithful reproduction of life and the way people think at this period of time. Sentimental Education is the book that gives the readers many outside and inside examples of realism, Flaubert describes the world how it is, and how human feelings without representation are in abstract form. However, in his book, the author has not created something that he cannot perceive. The author does not create a fancy picture; he gives us the reality, for example, how the people dressed at that time and who the sailors are or who the passengers are.

Sentimental Education, for example, “The hill was crowned with trees, which surrounded low-built houses, covered with roofs in the Italian style”… (6), here we have real life, and describing to the readers, how
France looks like at this time. Also, Flaubert, describe a commonplace, and the everyday life of the habitants. Then, when the author tells us, that the hill was crowned with trees, the readers can figure out how this place looks like, and also in this scene, the readers know about the physical objects existing without the abstract form.

Flaubert illustrated to us the way the people thought, and the concern they have about society.  Realism is real life, then, Flaubert in his book gives exact examples of realism because he describes the outside and inside of
France’s a world.

Romanticism

Romanticism was Create by Sab’s Sacrifice

 

            …¡Mi libertad!…sin duda es caso dulce la libertad…pero yo nací esclavo; era esclavo desde el vientre de mi madre, y ya… (12), the psychology of Sab tells the readers who he is, and what role Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda plays in her novel between nature and emotion through condemned slavery. As well, this phrase told to Sab gives us the idea that the author is trying to enlighten the readers of the interior of humans. 

However, Sab grew up in slavery so he knows what the condition of the Cuban society over the XIX century. First, the Sab does not accept any other way to live respecting his white owner, no matter what he looks like as a Creole or confused by his different appearance, his historical condition of seclusion, and segregation do not permit him to thinks any other way. But the most important is that his nature and creation put his psychology ideas in that he is a slave, and he could not do other thing because the society does not create a life to the free slave.

Romanticism is created by Sab in a different way but one of these examples is when the author said, “Crujieron sus dientes y con brazo vigoroso levantó en el aire, como a una ligera paja, el cuerpo esbelto y delicado
del joven ingles… (25), Gómez de Avellaneda gives the readers, the relationship between human emotion and nature because nature is the (wind), “get up on the wind”, and the individual emotion is his (upset) “rustle his tooth”. She tries to give us the idea that Enrique is an insignificant figure with the power of nature, because he is defenseless a straw that can fly in the air.

Furthermore, Romanticism in Sab is when the author describes the connection between nature and humans, and the human creature is insignificant against the power of nature. But the human emotion feels rebellious against nature and vise verse, because nature impacts the human emotion as thunder, torment, light, forest, and the description of the country. Finally, the romanticism in Sab explains nature in the condition of human passion. 

The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment

 

            The Enlightenment movement had the reason to believe in, the philosophy of the movement believes that reasoning is the best way to fight the tyranny of the kings, the oppression of the Catholic Church and the ignorance, but also the Enlightenment believed in building a better world.

            The history of the world argued that the Enlightenment movement had its role at the end of 17^th century through the 18^th century, but if we read the history about René Descartes, he was the philosopher that tried to knowledge his own existence, and he said in the 17^th century that “I think, therefore I am”. If we analyze this thought, then we can see that Descartes tried to use his reasoning to analyze who we are, and where we came, and he tried to use his reasoning to know about his own existence.

            By the way, the Enlightenment grew up in the period of society focusing on fanaticism and a strong belief in God. Then, the dogma of religion obstructed the logic of thought. This was the reason that the Enlightenment thinker tried to use reasoning, because reasoning is the powerful way to use common sense. For example, in class we read Candide by Voltaire, in his book, he critiques 18^th century society because Candide tried to use his reasoning to understand the world and he also makes fun of the cause it effects on human behavior. He is compared to the rich and the poor, trying to look for many answers about the misery of the world, that is the reason that he has opened many questions to society but he never tell us his answer, also, we can find in Candide’s different philosophy that there are pessimist and optimist. In his book Voltaire uses satire and parody to be critical about the European monarchy because Voltaire believed in the constitutional monarchy, and its shared powers.

            The Enlightenment is the movement of reason, and everything could be rebated because no one has the truth in their hands. Most of the Enlightenment thinkers have their principal target in their own religious beliefs. The idea was that they do not believe in any kind of religion because they know that it is man made.

HUMANISM

Humanism

 

Francesco Petrarca was born in
Arezzo, Italy 1304 and died in 1374. He was interested in classical writing, and wrote different kinds of work in Latin.  One of his works is, the poem that he wrote to Laura. This poem shows a lot of humanism because the author has connection with nature and looks most of the time for the perfect form of a woman, but this piece of art did not have a real person.

First, the time period is XVI century and this poem has connection to the Roman heritage and the human being, also the poem has love and beauty.  For example, in this stanza Francesco is expressing his emotions for this unreal woman, “calling out the name of my lady.” The readers can figure out that Laura is not a real person, but he looked for her no matter what. This kind of romanticism has connection with the creation of an unnatural person. The higher admiration of the author is looking for the impossible, and for the perfect love.

Moreover, when he said, “Bless be the day, and the month, and the year”, Francesco gives in this stanza traditional humanism because he show his poetry and philosophy, and he continues to have connection with nature, he compared his idyllic love with nature and connected himself with creation (God). In this stanza “where I acquire fame, and my thought, that are only of her”, this verse shows to the readers that the author had celebrated himself, and gives us his natural philosophy about nature and the readers can see that the author had individual emotion, and in addition, he talked about himself because we do not see any other person.

Finally, Francesco Patrarca made emphasis on the human body, and describes the woman’s body as perfect love, “as it did the angelic breast: serene, and sacred air, where Love pierced my heart with eyes of beauty”, here, the human body can see as classical resources, beauty and love. Also, the body perfection shows us in this description because the author wants to give us the perfect idea of a woman’s body.